class Prism::Translation::Ripper
This class provides a compatibility layer between prism and Ripper
. It functions by parsing the entire tree first and then walking it and executing each of the Ripper
callbacks as it goes. To use this class, you treat ‘Prism::Translation::Ripper` effectively as you would treat the `Ripper` class.
Note that this class will serve the most common use cases, but Ripper’s API is extensive and undocumented. It relies on reporting the state of the parser at any given time. We do our best to replicate that here, but because it is a different architecture it is not possible to perfectly replicate the behavior of Ripper
.
The main known difference is that we may omit dispatching some events in some cases. This impacts the following events:
-
on_assign_error
-
on_comma
-
on_ignored_nl
-
on_ignored_sp
-
on_kw
-
on_label_end
-
on_lbrace
-
on_lbracket
-
on_lparen
-
on_nl
-
on_op
-
on_operator_ambiguous
-
on_rbrace
-
on_rbracket
-
on_rparen
-
on_semicolon
-
on_sp
-
on_symbeg
-
on_tstring_beg
-
on_tstring_end
Constants
- BINARY_OPERATORS
A list of all of the Ruby binary operators.
- EVENTS
This array contains name of all ripper events.
- KEYWORDS
A list of all of the Ruby keywords.
- PARSER_EVENTS
This array contains name of parser events.
- PARSER_EVENT_TABLE
This contains a table of all of the parser events and their corresponding arity.
- SCANNER_EVENTS
This array contains name of scanner events.
- SCANNER_EVENT_TABLE
This contains a table of all of the scanner events and their corresponding arity.
Attributes
The current column number of the parser.
The filename of the source being parsed.
The current line number of the parser.
The source that is being parsed.
Public Class Methods
Tokenizes the Ruby program and returns an array of an array, which is formatted like [[lineno, column], type, token, state]
. The filename
argument is mostly ignored. By default, this method does not handle syntax errors in src
, use the raise_errors
keyword to raise a SyntaxError for an error in src
.
require "ripper" require "pp" pp Ripper.lex("def m(a) nil end") #=> [[[1, 0], :on_kw, "def", FNAME ], [[1, 3], :on_sp, " ", FNAME ], [[1, 4], :on_ident, "m", ENDFN ], [[1, 5], :on_lparen, "(", BEG|LABEL], [[1, 6], :on_ident, "a", ARG ], [[1, 7], :on_rparen, ")", ENDFN ], [[1, 8], :on_sp, " ", BEG ], [[1, 9], :on_kw, "nil", END ], [[1, 12], :on_sp, " ", END ], [[1, 13], :on_kw, "end", END ]]
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 72 def self.lex(src, filename = "-", lineno = 1, raise_errors: false) result = Prism.lex_compat(src, filepath: filename, line: lineno) if result.failure? && raise_errors raise SyntaxError, result.errors.first.message else result.value end end
Create a new Translation::Ripper
object with the given source.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 444 def initialize(source, filename = "(ripper)", lineno = 1) @source = source @filename = filename @lineno = lineno @column = 0 @result = nil end
Parses the given Ruby program read from src
. src
must be a String or an IO or a object with a gets method.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 46 def self.parse(src, filename = "(ripper)", lineno = 1) new(src, filename, lineno).parse end
Parses src
and create S-exp tree. Returns more readable tree rather than Ripper.sexp_raw
. This method is mainly for developer use. The filename
argument is mostly ignored. By default, this method does not handle syntax errors in src
, returning nil
in such cases. Use the raise_errors
keyword to raise a SyntaxError for an error in src
.
require "ripper" require "pp" pp Ripper.sexp("def m(a) nil end") #=> [:program, [[:def, [:@ident, "m", [1, 4]], [:paren, [:params, [[:@ident, "a", [1, 6]]], nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil]], [:bodystmt, [[:var_ref, [:@kw, "nil", [1, 9]]]], nil, nil, nil]]]]
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 381 def self.sexp(src, filename = "-", lineno = 1, raise_errors: false) builder = SexpBuilderPP.new(src, filename, lineno) sexp = builder.parse if builder.error? if raise_errors raise SyntaxError, builder.error end else sexp end end
Parses src
and create S-exp tree. This method is mainly for developer use. The filename
argument is mostly ignored. By default, this method does not handle syntax errors in src
, returning nil
in such cases. Use the raise_errors
keyword to raise a SyntaxError for an error in src
.
require "ripper" require "pp" pp Ripper.sexp_raw("def m(a) nil end") #=> [:program, [:stmts_add, [:stmts_new], [:def, [:@ident, "m", [1, 4]], [:paren, [:params, [[:@ident, "a", [1, 6]]], nil, nil, nil]], [:bodystmt, [:stmts_add, [:stmts_new], [:var_ref, [:@kw, "nil", [1, 9]]]], nil, nil, nil]]]]
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 416 def self.sexp_raw(src, filename = "-", lineno = 1, raise_errors: false) builder = SexpBuilder.new(src, filename, lineno) sexp = builder.parse if builder.error? if raise_errors raise SyntaxError, builder.error end else sexp end end
Public Instance Methods
True if the parser encountered an error during parsing.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 457 def error? result.failure? end
Parse the source and return the result.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 462 def parse result.comments.each do |comment| location = comment.location bounds(location) if comment.is_a?(InlineComment) on_comment(comment.slice) else offset = location.start_offset lines = comment.slice.lines lines.each_with_index do |line, index| bounds(location.copy(start_offset: offset)) if index == 0 on_embdoc_beg(line) elsif index == lines.size - 1 on_embdoc_end(line) else on_embdoc(line) end offset += line.bytesize end end end result.magic_comments.each do |magic_comment| on_magic_comment(magic_comment.key, magic_comment.value) end unless result.data_loc.nil? on___end__(result.data_loc.slice.each_line.first) end result.warnings.each do |warning| bounds(warning.location) if warning.level == :default warning(warning.message) else case warning.type when :ambiguous_first_argument_plus on_arg_ambiguous("+") when :ambiguous_first_argument_minus on_arg_ambiguous("-") when :ambiguous_slash on_arg_ambiguous("/") else warn(warning.message) end end end if error? result.errors.each do |error| location = error.location bounds(location) case error.type when :alias_argument on_alias_error("can't make alias for the number variables", location.slice) when :argument_formal_class on_param_error("formal argument cannot be a class variable", location.slice) when :argument_format_constant on_param_error("formal argument cannot be a constant", location.slice) when :argument_formal_global on_param_error("formal argument cannot be a global variable", location.slice) when :argument_formal_ivar on_param_error("formal argument cannot be an instance variable", location.slice) when :class_name, :module_name on_class_name_error("class/module name must be CONSTANT", location.slice) else on_parse_error(error.message) end end nil else result.value.accept(self) end end
alias $foo $bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 561 def visit_alias_global_variable_node(node) new_name = visit_alias_global_variable_node_value(node.new_name) old_name = visit_alias_global_variable_node_value(node.old_name) bounds(node.location) on_var_alias(new_name, old_name) end
alias foo bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 551 def visit_alias_method_node(node) new_name = visit(node.new_name) old_name = visit(node.old_name) bounds(node.location) on_alias(new_name, old_name) end
foo => bar | baz
^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 585 def visit_alternation_pattern_node(node) left = visit_pattern_node(node.left) right = visit_pattern_node(node.right) bounds(node.location) on_binary(left, :|, right) end
a and b ^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 605 def visit_and_node(node) left = visit(node.left) right = visit(node.right) bounds(node.location) on_binary(left, node.operator.to_sym, right) end
foo(bar)
^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 796 def visit_arguments_node(node) arguments, _ = visit_call_node_arguments(node, nil, false) arguments end
-
^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 615 def visit_array_node(node) case (opening = node.opening) when /^%w/ opening_loc = node.opening_loc bounds(opening_loc) on_qwords_beg(opening) elements = on_qwords_new previous = nil node.elements.each do |element| visit_words_sep(opening_loc, previous, element) bounds(element.location) elements = on_qwords_add(elements, on_tstring_content(element.content)) previous = element end bounds(node.closing_loc) on_tstring_end(node.closing) when /^%i/ opening_loc = node.opening_loc bounds(opening_loc) on_qsymbols_beg(opening) elements = on_qsymbols_new previous = nil node.elements.each do |element| visit_words_sep(opening_loc, previous, element) bounds(element.location) elements = on_qsymbols_add(elements, on_tstring_content(element.value)) previous = element end bounds(node.closing_loc) on_tstring_end(node.closing) when /^%W/ opening_loc = node.opening_loc bounds(opening_loc) on_words_beg(opening) elements = on_words_new previous = nil node.elements.each do |element| visit_words_sep(opening_loc, previous, element) bounds(element.location) elements = on_words_add( elements, if element.is_a?(StringNode) on_word_add(on_word_new, on_tstring_content(element.content)) else element.parts.inject(on_word_new) do |word, part| word_part = if part.is_a?(StringNode) bounds(part.location) on_tstring_content(part.content) else visit(part) end on_word_add(word, word_part) end end ) previous = element end bounds(node.closing_loc) on_tstring_end(node.closing) when /^%I/ opening_loc = node.opening_loc bounds(opening_loc) on_symbols_beg(opening) elements = on_symbols_new previous = nil node.elements.each do |element| visit_words_sep(opening_loc, previous, element) bounds(element.location) elements = on_symbols_add( elements, if element.is_a?(SymbolNode) on_word_add(on_word_new, on_tstring_content(element.value)) else element.parts.inject(on_word_new) do |word, part| word_part = if part.is_a?(StringNode) bounds(part.location) on_tstring_content(part.content) else visit(part) end on_word_add(word, word_part) end end ) previous = element end bounds(node.closing_loc) on_tstring_end(node.closing) else bounds(node.opening_loc) on_lbracket(opening) elements = visit_arguments(node.elements) unless node.elements.empty? bounds(node.closing_loc) on_rbracket(node.closing) end bounds(node.location) on_array(elements) end
foo => [bar]
^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 775 def visit_array_pattern_node(node) constant = visit(node.constant) requireds = visit_all(node.requireds) if node.requireds.any? rest = if (rest_node = node.rest).is_a?(SplatNode) if rest_node.expression.nil? bounds(rest_node.location) on_var_field(nil) else visit(rest_node.expression) end end posts = visit_all(node.posts) if node.posts.any? bounds(node.location) on_aryptn(constant, requireds, rest, posts) end
{ a: 1 }
^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 803 def visit_assoc_node(node) key = visit(node.key) value = visit(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_assoc_new(key, value) end
def foo(**); bar(**); end
^^
{ **foo }
^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 816 def visit_assoc_splat_node(node) value = visit(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_assoc_splat(value) end
$+ ^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 825 def visit_back_reference_read_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_backref(node.slice) end
begin end ^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 832 def visit_begin_node(node) clauses = visit_begin_node_clauses(node.begin_keyword_loc, node, false) bounds(node.location) on_begin(clauses) end
foo(&bar)
^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 896 def visit_block_argument_node(node) visit(node.expression) end
foo { |; bar| }
^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 902 def visit_block_local_variable_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_ident(node.name.to_s) end
Visit a BlockNode
.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 908 def visit_block_node(node) braces = node.opening == "{" parameters = visit(node.parameters) body = case node.body when nil bounds(node.location) stmts = on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) bounds(node.location) braces ? stmts : on_bodystmt(stmts, nil, nil, nil) when StatementsNode stmts = node.body.body stmts.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(node.parameters&.location || node.opening_loc, node.body.location, false) stmts = visit_statements_node_body(stmts) bounds(node.body.location) braces ? stmts : on_bodystmt(stmts, nil, nil, nil) when BeginNode visit_body_node(node.parameters&.location || node.opening_loc, node.body) else raise end if braces bounds(node.location) on_brace_block(parameters, body) else bounds(node.location) on_do_block(parameters, body) end end
def foo(&bar); end
^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 944 def visit_block_parameter_node(node) if node.name_loc.nil? bounds(node.location) on_blockarg(nil) else bounds(node.name_loc) name = visit_token(node.name.to_s) bounds(node.location) on_blockarg(name) end end
A block’s parameters.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 958 def visit_block_parameters_node(node) parameters = if node.parameters.nil? on_params(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil) else visit(node.parameters) end locals = if node.locals.any? visit_all(node.locals) else false end bounds(node.location) on_block_var(parameters, locals) end
break ^^^^^
break foo ^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 982 def visit_break_node(node) if node.arguments.nil? bounds(node.location) on_break(on_args_new) else arguments = visit(node.arguments) bounds(node.location) on_break(arguments) end end
foo.bar &&= baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1194 def visit_call_and_write_node(node) receiver = visit(node.receiver) bounds(node.call_operator_loc) call_operator = visit_token(node.call_operator) bounds(node.message_loc) message = visit_token(node.message) bounds(node.location) target = on_field(receiver, call_operator, message) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("&&=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
foo ^^^
foo.bar ^^^^^^^
foo.bar() {} ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1002 def visit_call_node(node) if node.call_operator_loc.nil? case node.name when :[] receiver = visit(node.receiver) arguments, block = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc)) bounds(node.location) call = on_aref(receiver, arguments) if block.nil? call else bounds(node.location) on_method_add_block(call, block) end when :[]= receiver = visit(node.receiver) *arguments, last_argument = node.arguments.arguments arguments << node.block if !node.block.nil? arguments = if arguments.any? args = visit_arguments(arguments) if !node.block.nil? args else bounds(arguments.first.location) on_args_add_block(args, false) end end bounds(node.location) call = on_aref_field(receiver, arguments) value = visit_write_value(last_argument) bounds(last_argument.location) on_assign(call, value) when :-@, :+@, :~ receiver = visit(node.receiver) bounds(node.location) on_unary(node.name, receiver) when :! receiver = visit(node.receiver) bounds(node.location) on_unary(node.message == "not" ? :not : :!, receiver) when *BINARY_OPERATORS receiver = visit(node.receiver) value = visit(node.arguments.arguments.first) bounds(node.location) on_binary(receiver, node.name, value) else bounds(node.message_loc) message = visit_token(node.message, false) if node.variable_call? on_vcall(message) else arguments, block = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc || node.location)) call = if node.opening_loc.nil? && arguments&.any? bounds(node.location) on_command(message, arguments) elsif !node.opening_loc.nil? bounds(node.location) on_method_add_arg(on_fcall(message), on_arg_paren(arguments)) else bounds(node.location) on_method_add_arg(on_fcall(message), on_args_new) end if block.nil? call else bounds(node.block.location) on_method_add_block(call, block) end end end else receiver = visit(node.receiver) bounds(node.call_operator_loc) call_operator = visit_token(node.call_operator) message = if node.message_loc.nil? :call else bounds(node.message_loc) visit_token(node.message, false) end if node.name.end_with?("=") && !node.message.end_with?("=") && !node.arguments.nil? && node.block.nil? value = visit_write_value(node.arguments.arguments.first) bounds(node.location) on_assign(on_field(receiver, call_operator, message), value) else arguments, block = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc || node.location)) call = if node.opening_loc.nil? bounds(node.location) if node.arguments.nil? && !node.block.is_a?(BlockArgumentNode) on_call(receiver, call_operator, message) else on_command_call(receiver, call_operator, message, arguments) end else bounds(node.opening_loc) arguments = on_arg_paren(arguments) bounds(node.location) on_method_add_arg(on_call(receiver, call_operator, message), arguments) end if block.nil? call else bounds(node.block.location) on_method_add_block(call, block) end end end end
foo.bar += baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1172 def visit_call_operator_write_node(node) receiver = visit(node.receiver) bounds(node.call_operator_loc) call_operator = visit_token(node.call_operator) bounds(node.message_loc) message = visit_token(node.message) bounds(node.location) target = on_field(receiver, call_operator, message) bounds(node.binary_operator_loc) operator = on_op("#{node.binary_operator}=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
foo.bar ||= baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1216 def visit_call_or_write_node(node) receiver = visit(node.receiver) bounds(node.call_operator_loc) call_operator = visit_token(node.call_operator) bounds(node.message_loc) message = visit_token(node.message) bounds(node.location) target = on_field(receiver, call_operator, message) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("||=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
foo.bar, = 1 ^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1238 def visit_call_target_node(node) if node.call_operator == "::" receiver = visit(node.receiver) bounds(node.message_loc) message = visit_token(node.message) bounds(node.location) on_const_path_field(receiver, message) else receiver = visit(node.receiver) bounds(node.call_operator_loc) call_operator = visit_token(node.call_operator) bounds(node.message_loc) message = visit_token(node.message) bounds(node.location) on_field(receiver, call_operator, message) end end
foo => bar => baz
^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1263 def visit_capture_pattern_node(node) value = visit(node.value) target = visit(node.target) bounds(node.location) on_binary(value, :"=>", target) end
case foo; in bar; end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1286 def visit_case_match_node(node) predicate = visit(node.predicate) clauses = node.conditions.reverse_each.inject(visit(node.consequent)) do |consequent, condition| on_in(*visit(condition), consequent) end bounds(node.location) on_case(predicate, clauses) end
case foo; when bar; end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1273 def visit_case_node(node) predicate = visit(node.predicate) clauses = node.conditions.reverse_each.inject(visit(node.consequent)) do |consequent, condition| on_when(*visit(condition), consequent) end bounds(node.location) on_case(predicate, clauses) end
class Foo; end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1299 def visit_class_node(node) constant_path = if node.constant_path.is_a?(ConstantReadNode) bounds(node.constant_path.location) on_const_ref(on_const(node.constant_path.name.to_s)) else visit(node.constant_path) end superclass = visit(node.superclass) bodystmt = visit_body_node(node.superclass&.location || node.constant_path.location, node.body, node.superclass.nil?) bounds(node.location) on_class(constant_path, superclass, bodystmt) end
@@foo &&= bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1352 def visit_class_variable_and_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_cvar(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("&&=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
@@foo += bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1338 def visit_class_variable_operator_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_cvar(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.binary_operator_loc) operator = on_op("#{node.binary_operator}=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
@@foo ||= bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1366 def visit_class_variable_or_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_cvar(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("||=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
@@foo ^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1317 def visit_class_variable_read_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_cvar(node.slice)) end
@@foo, = bar ^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1380 def visit_class_variable_target_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_field(on_cvar(node.name.to_s)) end
@@foo = 1 ^^^^^^^^^
@@foo, @@bar = 1 ^^^^^ ^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1327 def visit_class_variable_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_cvar(node.name.to_s)) value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_assign(target, value) end
Foo &&= bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1422 def visit_constant_and_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_const(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("&&=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
Foo += bar ^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1408 def visit_constant_operator_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_const(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.binary_operator_loc) operator = on_op("#{node.binary_operator}=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
Foo ||= bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1436 def visit_constant_or_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_const(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("||=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
Foo::Bar &&= baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1523 def visit_constant_path_and_write_node(node) target = visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node.target) value = visit(node.value) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("&&=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
Foo::Bar ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1457 def visit_constant_path_node(node) if node.parent.nil? bounds(node.name_loc) child = on_const(node.name.to_s) bounds(node.location) on_top_const_ref(child) else parent = visit(node.parent) bounds(node.name_loc) child = on_const(node.name.to_s) bounds(node.location) on_const_path_ref(parent, child) end end
Foo::Bar += baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1509 def visit_constant_path_operator_write_node(node) target = visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node.target) value = visit(node.value) bounds(node.binary_operator_loc) operator = on_op("#{node.binary_operator}=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
Foo::Bar ||= baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1537 def visit_constant_path_or_write_node(node) target = visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node.target) value = visit(node.value) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("||=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
Foo::Bar, = baz ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1551 def visit_constant_path_target_node(node) visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node) end
Foo::Bar = 1 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
Foo::Foo, Bar::Bar = 1 ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1480 def visit_constant_path_write_node(node) target = visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node.target) value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_assign(target, value) end
Foo ^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1387 def visit_constant_read_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_const(node.name.to_s)) end
Foo, = bar ^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1450 def visit_constant_target_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_field(on_const(node.name.to_s)) end
Foo = 1 ^^^^^^^
Foo, Bar = 1 ^^^ ^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1397 def visit_constant_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_const(node.name.to_s)) value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_assign(target, value) end
def foo; end ^^^^^^^^^^^^
def self.foo; end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1560 def visit_def_node(node) receiver = visit(node.receiver) operator = if !node.operator_loc.nil? bounds(node.operator_loc) visit_token(node.operator) end bounds(node.name_loc) name = visit_token(node.name_loc.slice) parameters = if node.parameters.nil? bounds(node.location) on_params(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil) else visit(node.parameters) end if !node.lparen_loc.nil? bounds(node.lparen_loc) parameters = on_paren(parameters) end bodystmt = if node.equal_loc.nil? visit_body_node(node.rparen_loc || node.end_keyword_loc, node.body) else body = visit(node.body.body.first) bounds(node.body.location) on_bodystmt(body, nil, nil, nil) end bounds(node.location) if receiver.nil? on_def(name, parameters, bodystmt) else on_defs(receiver, operator, name, parameters, bodystmt) end end
defined? a ^^^^^^^^^^
defined?(a) ^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1607 def visit_defined_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_defined(visit(node.value)) end
if foo then bar else baz end
^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1614 def visit_else_node(node) statements = if node.statements.nil? [nil] else body = node.statements.body body.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(node.else_keyword_loc, node.statements.body[0].location, false) body end bounds(node.location) on_else(visit_statements_node_body(statements)) end
“foo #{bar}”
^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1630 def visit_embedded_statements_node(node) bounds(node.opening_loc) on_embexpr_beg(node.opening) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end bounds(node.closing_loc) on_embexpr_end(node.closing) bounds(node.location) on_string_embexpr(statements) end
“foo #@bar”
^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1651 def visit_embedded_variable_node(node) bounds(node.operator_loc) on_embvar(node.operator) variable = visit(node.variable) bounds(node.location) on_string_dvar(variable) end
Visit an EnsureNode
node.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1662 def visit_ensure_node(node) statements = if node.statements.nil? [nil] else body = node.statements.body body.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(node.ensure_keyword_loc, body[0].location, false) body end statements = visit_statements_node_body(statements) bounds(node.location) on_ensure(statements) end
false ^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1680 def visit_false_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_kw("false")) end
foo => [*, bar, *]
^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1687 def visit_find_pattern_node(node) constant = visit(node.constant) left = if node.left.expression.nil? bounds(node.left.location) on_var_field(nil) else visit(node.left.expression) end requireds = visit_all(node.requireds) if node.requireds.any? right = if node.right.expression.nil? bounds(node.right.location) on_var_field(nil) else visit(node.right.expression) end bounds(node.location) on_fndptn(constant, left, requireds, right) end
if foo .. bar; end
^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1712 def visit_flip_flop_node(node) left = visit(node.left) right = visit(node.right) bounds(node.location) if node.exclude_end? on_dot3(left, right) else on_dot2(left, right) end end
1.0 ^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1726 def visit_float_node(node) visit_number_node(node) { |text| on_float(text) } end
for foo in bar do end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1732 def visit_for_node(node) index = visit(node.index) collection = visit(node.collection) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end bounds(node.location) on_for(index, collection, statements) end
def foo(…); bar(…); end
^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1749 def visit_forwarding_arguments_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_args_forward end
def foo(…); end
^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1756 def visit_forwarding_parameter_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_args_forward end
super ^^^^^
super {} ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1766 def visit_forwarding_super_node(node) if node.block.nil? bounds(node.location) on_zsuper else block = visit(node.block) bounds(node.location) on_method_add_block(on_zsuper, block) end end
$foo &&= bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1815 def visit_global_variable_and_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_gvar(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("&&=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
$foo += bar ^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1801 def visit_global_variable_operator_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_gvar(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.binary_operator_loc) operator = on_op("#{node.binary_operator}=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
$foo ||= bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1829 def visit_global_variable_or_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_gvar(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("||=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
$foo ^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1780 def visit_global_variable_read_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_gvar(node.name.to_s)) end
$foo, = bar ^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1843 def visit_global_variable_target_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_field(on_gvar(node.name.to_s)) end
$foo = 1 ^^^^^^^^
$foo, $bar = 1 ^^^^ ^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1790 def visit_global_variable_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_gvar(node.name.to_s)) value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_assign(target, value) end
{} ^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1850 def visit_hash_node(node) elements = if node.elements.any? args = visit_all(node.elements) bounds(node.elements.first.location) on_assoclist_from_args(args) end bounds(node.location) on_hash(elements) end
foo => {}
^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1865 def visit_hash_pattern_node(node) constant = visit(node.constant) elements = if node.elements.any? || !node.rest.nil? node.elements.map do |element| [ if (key = element.key).opening_loc.nil? visit(key) else bounds(key.value_loc) if (value = key.value).empty? on_string_content else on_string_add(on_string_content, on_tstring_content(value)) end end, visit(element.value) ] end end rest = case node.rest when AssocSplatNode visit(node.rest.value) when NoKeywordsParameterNode bounds(node.rest.location) on_var_field(visit(node.rest)) end bounds(node.location) on_hshptn(constant, elements, rest) end
if foo then bar end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
bar if foo ^^^^^^^^^^
foo ? bar : baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1907 def visit_if_node(node) if node.then_keyword == "?" predicate = visit(node.predicate) truthy = visit(node.statements.body.first) falsy = visit(node.consequent.statements.body.first) bounds(node.location) on_ifop(predicate, truthy, falsy) elsif node.statements.nil? || (node.predicate.location.start_offset < node.statements.location.start_offset) predicate = visit(node.predicate) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end consequent = visit(node.consequent) bounds(node.location) if node.if_keyword == "if" on_if(predicate, statements, consequent) else on_elsif(predicate, statements, consequent) end else statements = visit(node.statements.body.first) predicate = visit(node.predicate) bounds(node.location) on_if_mod(predicate, statements) end end
1i ^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1943 def visit_imaginary_node(node) visit_number_node(node) { |text| on_imaginary(text) } end
{ foo: }
^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1949 def visit_implicit_node(node) end
foo { |bar,| }
^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1954 def visit_implicit_rest_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_excessed_comma end
case foo; in bar; end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1961 def visit_in_node(node) # This is a special case where we're not going to call on_in directly # because we don't have access to the consequent. Instead, we'll return # the component parts and let the parent node handle it. pattern = visit_pattern_node(node.pattern) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end [pattern, statements] end
foo &&= baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1996 def visit_index_and_write_node(node) receiver = visit(node.receiver) arguments, _ = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc)) bounds(node.location) target = on_aref_field(receiver, arguments) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("&&=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
foo += baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1979 def visit_index_operator_write_node(node) receiver = visit(node.receiver) arguments, _ = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc)) bounds(node.location) target = on_aref_field(receiver, arguments) bounds(node.binary_operator_loc) operator = on_op("#{node.binary_operator}=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
foo ||= baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2013 def visit_index_or_write_node(node) receiver = visit(node.receiver) arguments, _ = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc)) bounds(node.location) target = on_aref_field(receiver, arguments) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("||=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
foo, = 1 ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2030 def visit_index_target_node(node) receiver = visit(node.receiver) arguments, _ = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.closing_loc)) bounds(node.location) on_aref_field(receiver, arguments) end
@foo &&= bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2072 def visit_instance_variable_and_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_ivar(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("&&=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
@foo += bar ^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2058 def visit_instance_variable_operator_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_ivar(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.binary_operator_loc) operator = on_op("#{node.binary_operator}=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
@foo ||= bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2086 def visit_instance_variable_or_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_ivar(node.name.to_s)) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("||=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
@foo ^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2040 def visit_instance_variable_read_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_ivar(node.name.to_s)) end
@foo, = bar ^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2100 def visit_instance_variable_target_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_field(on_ivar(node.name.to_s)) end
@foo = 1 ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2047 def visit_instance_variable_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_ivar(node.name.to_s)) value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_assign(target, value) end
1 ^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2107 def visit_integer_node(node) visit_number_node(node) { |text| on_int(text) } end
if /foo #{bar}/ then end
^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2113 def visit_interpolated_match_last_line_node(node) bounds(node.opening_loc) on_regexp_beg(node.opening) bounds(node.parts.first.location) parts = node.parts.inject(on_regexp_new) do |content, part| on_regexp_add(content, visit_string_content(part)) end bounds(node.closing_loc) closing = on_regexp_end(node.closing) bounds(node.location) on_regexp_literal(parts, closing) end
/foo #{bar}/ ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2132 def visit_interpolated_regular_expression_node(node) bounds(node.opening_loc) on_regexp_beg(node.opening) bounds(node.parts.first.location) parts = node.parts.inject(on_regexp_new) do |content, part| on_regexp_add(content, visit_string_content(part)) end bounds(node.closing_loc) closing = on_regexp_end(node.closing) bounds(node.location) on_regexp_literal(parts, closing) end
“foo #{bar}” ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2151 def visit_interpolated_string_node(node) if node.opening&.start_with?("<<~") heredoc = visit_heredoc_string_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_string_literal(heredoc) elsif !node.heredoc? && node.parts.length > 1 && node.parts.any? { |part| (part.is_a?(StringNode) || part.is_a?(InterpolatedStringNode)) && !part.opening_loc.nil? } first, *rest = node.parts rest.inject(visit(first)) do |content, part| concat = visit(part) bounds(part.location) on_string_concat(content, concat) end else bounds(node.parts.first.location) parts = node.parts.inject(on_string_content) do |content, part| on_string_add(content, visit_string_content(part)) end bounds(node.location) on_string_literal(parts) end end
:“foo #{bar}” ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2179 def visit_interpolated_symbol_node(node) bounds(node.parts.first.location) parts = node.parts.inject(on_string_content) do |content, part| on_string_add(content, visit_string_content(part)) end bounds(node.location) on_dyna_symbol(parts) end
‘foo #{bar}` ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2192 def visit_interpolated_x_string_node(node) if node.opening.start_with?("<<~") heredoc = visit_heredoc_x_string_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_xstring_literal(heredoc) else bounds(node.parts.first.location) parts = node.parts.inject(on_xstring_new) do |content, part| on_xstring_add(content, visit_string_content(part)) end bounds(node.location) on_xstring_literal(parts) end end
-> { it } ^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2222 def visit_it_parameters_node(node) end
foo(bar: baz)
^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2227 def visit_keyword_hash_node(node) elements = visit_all(node.elements) bounds(node.location) on_bare_assoc_hash(elements) end
def foo(**bar); end
^^^^^
def foo(**); end
^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2239 def visit_keyword_rest_parameter_node(node) if node.name_loc.nil? bounds(node.location) on_kwrest_param(nil) else bounds(node.name_loc) name = on_ident(node.name.to_s) bounds(node.location) on_kwrest_param(name) end end
-> {}
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2253 def visit_lambda_node(node) bounds(node.operator_loc) on_tlambda(node.operator) parameters = if node.parameters.is_a?(BlockParametersNode) # Ripper does not track block-locals within lambdas, so we skip # directly to the parameters here. params = if node.parameters.parameters.nil? bounds(node.location) on_params(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil) else visit(node.parameters.parameters) end if node.parameters.opening_loc.nil? params else bounds(node.parameters.opening_loc) on_paren(params) end else bounds(node.location) on_params(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil) end braces = node.opening == "{" if braces bounds(node.opening_loc) on_tlambeg(node.opening) end body = case node.body when nil bounds(node.location) stmts = on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) bounds(node.location) braces ? stmts : on_bodystmt(stmts, nil, nil, nil) when StatementsNode stmts = node.body.body stmts.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(node.parameters&.location || node.opening_loc, node.body.location, false) stmts = visit_statements_node_body(stmts) bounds(node.body.location) braces ? stmts : on_bodystmt(stmts, nil, nil, nil) when BeginNode visit_body_node(node.opening_loc, node.body) else raise end bounds(node.location) on_lambda(parameters, body) end
foo &&= bar ^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2350 def visit_local_variable_and_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_ident(node.name_loc.slice)) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("&&=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
foo += bar ^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2336 def visit_local_variable_operator_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_ident(node.name_loc.slice)) bounds(node.binary_operator_loc) operator = on_op("#{node.binary_operator}=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
foo ||= bar ^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2364 def visit_local_variable_or_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_ident(node.name_loc.slice)) bounds(node.operator_loc) operator = on_op("||=") value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_opassign(target, operator, value) end
foo ^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2313 def visit_local_variable_read_node(node) bounds(node.location) if node.name == :"0it" on_vcall(on_ident(node.slice)) else on_var_ref(on_ident(node.slice)) end end
foo, = bar ^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2378 def visit_local_variable_target_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_field(on_ident(node.name.to_s)) end
foo = 1 ^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2325 def visit_local_variable_write_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) target = on_var_field(on_ident(node.name_loc.slice)) value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_assign(target, value) end
if /foo/ then end
^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2385 def visit_match_last_line_node(node) bounds(node.opening_loc) on_regexp_beg(node.opening) bounds(node.content_loc) tstring_content = on_tstring_content(node.content) bounds(node.closing_loc) closing = on_regexp_end(node.closing) on_regexp_literal(on_regexp_add(on_regexp_new, tstring_content), closing) end
foo in bar ^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2400 def visit_match_predicate_node(node) value = visit(node.value) pattern = on_in(visit_pattern_node(node.pattern), nil, nil) on_case(value, pattern) end
foo => bar ^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2409 def visit_match_required_node(node) value = visit(node.value) pattern = on_in(visit_pattern_node(node.pattern), nil, nil) on_case(value, pattern) end
/(?<foo>foo)/ =~ bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2418 def visit_match_write_node(node) visit(node.call) end
A node that is missing from the syntax tree. This is only used in the case of a syntax error.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2424 def visit_missing_node(node) raise "Cannot visit missing nodes directly." end
module Foo; end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2430 def visit_module_node(node) constant_path = if node.constant_path.is_a?(ConstantReadNode) bounds(node.constant_path.location) on_const_ref(on_const(node.constant_path.name.to_s)) else visit(node.constant_path) end bodystmt = visit_body_node(node.constant_path.location, node.body, true) bounds(node.location) on_module(constant_path, bodystmt) end
(foo, bar), bar = qux ^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2447 def visit_multi_target_node(node) bounds(node.location) targets = visit_multi_target_node_targets(node.lefts, node.rest, node.rights, true) if node.lparen_loc.nil? targets else bounds(node.lparen_loc) on_mlhs_paren(targets) end end
foo, bar = baz ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2501 def visit_multi_write_node(node) bounds(node.location) targets = visit_multi_target_node_targets(node.lefts, node.rest, node.rights, true) unless node.lparen_loc.nil? bounds(node.lparen_loc) targets = on_mlhs_paren(targets) end value = visit_write_value(node.value) bounds(node.location) on_massign(targets, value) end
next ^^^^
next foo ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2521 def visit_next_node(node) if node.arguments.nil? bounds(node.location) on_next(on_args_new) else arguments = visit(node.arguments) bounds(node.location) on_next(arguments) end end
nil ^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2535 def visit_nil_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_kw("nil")) end
def foo(**nil); end
^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2542 def visit_no_keywords_parameter_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_nokw_param(nil) :nil end
-> { _1 + _2 } ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2551 def visit_numbered_parameters_node(node) end
$1 ^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2556 def visit_numbered_reference_read_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_backref(node.slice) end
def foo(bar: baz); end
^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2563 def visit_optional_keyword_parameter_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) name = on_label("#{node.name}:") value = visit(node.value) [name, value] end
def foo(bar = 1); end
^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2573 def visit_optional_parameter_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) name = visit_token(node.name.to_s) value = visit(node.value) [name, value] end
a or b ^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2583 def visit_or_node(node) left = visit(node.left) right = visit(node.right) bounds(node.location) on_binary(left, node.operator.to_sym, right) end
def foo(bar, *baz); end
^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2593 def visit_parameters_node(node) requireds = node.requireds.map { |required| required.is_a?(MultiTargetNode) ? visit_destructured_parameter_node(required) : visit(required) } if node.requireds.any? optionals = visit_all(node.optionals) if node.optionals.any? rest = visit(node.rest) posts = node.posts.map { |post| post.is_a?(MultiTargetNode) ? visit_destructured_parameter_node(post) : visit(post) } if node.posts.any? keywords = visit_all(node.keywords) if node.keywords.any? keyword_rest = visit(node.keyword_rest) block = visit(node.block) bounds(node.location) on_params(requireds, optionals, rest, posts, keywords, keyword_rest, block) end
() ^^
(1) ^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2620 def visit_parentheses_node(node) body = if node.body.nil? on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.body) end bounds(node.location) on_paren(body) end
foo => ^(bar)
^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2634 def visit_pinned_expression_node(node) expression = visit(node.expression) bounds(node.location) on_begin(expression) end
foo = 1 and bar => ^foo
^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2643 def visit_pinned_variable_node(node) visit(node.variable) end
END {} ^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2649 def visit_post_execution_node(node) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end bounds(node.location) on_END(statements) end
BEGIN {} ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2664 def visit_pre_execution_node(node) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end bounds(node.location) on_BEGIN(statements) end
The top-level program node.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2678 def visit_program_node(node) body = node.statements.body body << nil if body.empty? statements = visit_statements_node_body(body) bounds(node.location) on_program(statements) end
0..5 ^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2689 def visit_range_node(node) left = visit(node.left) right = visit(node.right) bounds(node.location) if node.exclude_end? on_dot3(left, right) else on_dot2(left, right) end end
1r ^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2703 def visit_rational_node(node) visit_number_node(node) { |text| on_rational(text) } end
redo ^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2709 def visit_redo_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_redo end
/foo/ ^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2716 def visit_regular_expression_node(node) bounds(node.opening_loc) on_regexp_beg(node.opening) if node.content.empty? bounds(node.closing_loc) closing = on_regexp_end(node.closing) on_regexp_literal(on_regexp_new, closing) else bounds(node.content_loc) tstring_content = on_tstring_content(node.content) bounds(node.closing_loc) closing = on_regexp_end(node.closing) on_regexp_literal(on_regexp_add(on_regexp_new, tstring_content), closing) end end
def foo(bar:); end
^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2738 def visit_required_keyword_parameter_node(node) bounds(node.name_loc) [on_label("#{node.name}:"), false] end
def foo(bar); end
^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2745 def visit_required_parameter_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_ident(node.name.to_s) end
foo rescue bar ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2752 def visit_rescue_modifier_node(node) expression = visit_write_value(node.expression) rescue_expression = visit(node.rescue_expression) bounds(node.location) on_rescue_mod(expression, rescue_expression) end
begin; rescue; end
^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2762 def visit_rescue_node(node) exceptions = case node.exceptions.length when 0 nil when 1 if (exception = node.exceptions.first).is_a?(SplatNode) bounds(exception.location) on_mrhs_add_star(on_mrhs_new, visit(exception)) else [visit(node.exceptions.first)] end else bounds(node.location) length = node.exceptions.length node.exceptions.each_with_index.inject(on_args_new) do |mrhs, (exception, index)| arg = visit(exception) bounds(exception.location) mrhs = on_mrhs_new_from_args(mrhs) if index == length - 1 if exception.is_a?(SplatNode) if index == length - 1 on_mrhs_add_star(mrhs, arg) else on_args_add_star(mrhs, arg) end else if index == length - 1 on_mrhs_add(mrhs, arg) else on_args_add(mrhs, arg) end end end end reference = visit(node.reference) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end consequent = visit(node.consequent) bounds(node.location) on_rescue(exceptions, reference, statements, consequent) end
def foo(*bar); end
^^^^
def foo(*); end
^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2820 def visit_rest_parameter_node(node) if node.name_loc.nil? bounds(node.location) on_rest_param(nil) else bounds(node.name_loc) on_rest_param(visit_token(node.name.to_s)) end end
retry ^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2832 def visit_retry_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_retry end
return ^^^^^^
return 1 ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2842 def visit_return_node(node) if node.arguments.nil? bounds(node.location) on_return0 else arguments = visit(node.arguments) bounds(node.location) on_return(arguments) end end
self ^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2856 def visit_self_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_kw("self")) end
class << self; end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2868 def visit_singleton_class_node(node) expression = visit(node.expression) bodystmt = visit_body_node(node.body&.location || node.end_keyword_loc, node.body) bounds(node.location) on_sclass(expression, bodystmt) end
__ENCODING__ ^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2878 def visit_source_encoding_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_kw("__ENCODING__")) end
__FILE__ ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2885 def visit_source_file_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_kw("__FILE__")) end
__LINE__ ^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2892 def visit_source_line_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_kw("__LINE__")) end
foo(*bar)
^^^^
def foo((bar, *baz)); end
^^^^
def foo(*); bar(*); end
^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2905 def visit_splat_node(node) visit(node.expression) end
A list of statements.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2910 def visit_statements_node(node) bounds(node.location) visit_statements_node_body(node.body) end
“foo” ^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2927 def visit_string_node(node) if (content = node.content).empty? bounds(node.location) on_string_literal(on_string_content) elsif (opening = node.opening) == "?" bounds(node.location) on_CHAR("?#{node.content}") elsif opening.start_with?("<<~") heredoc = visit_heredoc_string_node(node.to_interpolated) bounds(node.location) on_string_literal(heredoc) else bounds(node.content_loc) tstring_content = on_tstring_content(content) bounds(node.location) on_string_literal(on_string_add(on_string_content, tstring_content)) end end
super(foo) ^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3059 def visit_super_node(node) arguments, block = visit_call_node_arguments(node.arguments, node.block, trailing_comma?(node.arguments&.location || node.location, node.rparen_loc || node.location)) if !node.lparen_loc.nil? bounds(node.lparen_loc) arguments = on_arg_paren(arguments) end bounds(node.location) call = on_super(arguments) if block.nil? call else bounds(node.block.location) on_method_add_block(call, block) end end
:foo ^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3080 def visit_symbol_node(node) if (opening = node.opening)&.match?(/^%s|['"]:?$/) bounds(node.value_loc) content = on_string_content if !(value = node.value).empty? content = on_string_add(content, on_tstring_content(value)) end on_dyna_symbol(content) elsif (closing = node.closing) == ":" bounds(node.location) on_label("#{node.value}:") elsif opening.nil? && node.closing_loc.nil? bounds(node.value_loc) on_symbol_literal(visit_token(node.value)) else bounds(node.value_loc) on_symbol_literal(on_symbol(visit_token(node.value))) end end
true ^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3104 def visit_true_node(node) bounds(node.location) on_var_ref(on_kw("true")) end
undef foo ^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3111 def visit_undef_node(node) names = visit_all(node.names) bounds(node.location) on_undef(names) end
unless foo; bar end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
bar unless foo ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3123 def visit_unless_node(node) if node.statements.nil? || (node.predicate.location.start_offset < node.statements.location.start_offset) predicate = visit(node.predicate) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end consequent = visit(node.consequent) bounds(node.location) on_unless(predicate, statements, consequent) else statements = visit(node.statements.body.first) predicate = visit(node.predicate) bounds(node.location) on_unless_mod(predicate, statements) end end
until foo; bar end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
bar until foo ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3151 def visit_until_node(node) if node.statements.nil? || (node.predicate.location.start_offset < node.statements.location.start_offset) predicate = visit(node.predicate) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end bounds(node.location) on_until(predicate, statements) else statements = visit(node.statements.body.first) predicate = visit(node.predicate) bounds(node.location) on_until_mod(predicate, statements) end end
case foo; when bar; end
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3175 def visit_when_node(node) # This is a special case where we're not going to call on_when directly # because we don't have access to the consequent. Instead, we'll return # the component parts and let the parent node handle it. conditions = visit_arguments(node.conditions) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end [conditions, statements] end
while foo; bar end ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
bar while foo ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3196 def visit_while_node(node) if node.statements.nil? || (node.predicate.location.start_offset < node.statements.location.start_offset) predicate = visit(node.predicate) statements = if node.statements.nil? bounds(node.location) on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else visit(node.statements) end bounds(node.location) on_while(predicate, statements) else statements = visit(node.statements.body.first) predicate = visit(node.predicate) bounds(node.location) on_while_mod(predicate, statements) end end
‘foo` ^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3220 def visit_x_string_node(node) if node.unescaped.empty? bounds(node.location) on_xstring_literal(on_xstring_new) elsif node.opening.start_with?("<<~") heredoc = visit_heredoc_x_string_node(node.to_interpolated) bounds(node.location) on_xstring_literal(heredoc) else bounds(node.content_loc) content = on_tstring_content(node.content) bounds(node.location) on_xstring_literal(on_xstring_add(on_xstring_new, content)) end end
yield ^^^^^
yield 1 ^^^^^^^
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3243 def visit_yield_node(node) if node.arguments.nil? && node.lparen_loc.nil? bounds(node.location) on_yield0 else arguments = if node.arguments.nil? bounds(node.location) on_args_new else visit(node.arguments) end unless node.lparen_loc.nil? bounds(node.lparen_loc) arguments = on_paren(arguments) end bounds(node.location) on_yield(arguments) end end
Private Instance Methods
This method is responsible for updating lineno and column information to reflect the current node.
This method could be drastically improved with some caching on the start of every line, but for now it’s good enough.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3377 def bounds(location) @lineno = location.start_line @column = location.start_column end
Returns true if the given node is a command node.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1163 def command?(node) node.is_a?(CallNode) && node.opening_loc.nil? && (!node.arguments.nil? || node.block.is_a?(BlockArgumentNode)) && !BINARY_OPERATORS.include?(node.name) end
This method is called when the parser found syntax error.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3415 def compile_error(msg) end
This method is provided by the Ripper
C extension. It is called when a string needs to be dedented because of a tilde heredoc. It is expected that it will modify the string in place and return the number of bytes that were removed.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3430 def dedent_string(string, width) whitespace = 0 cursor = 0 while cursor < string.length && string[cursor].match?(/\s/) && whitespace < width if string[cursor] == "\t" whitespace = ((whitespace / 8 + 1) * 8) break if whitespace > width else whitespace += 1 end cursor += 1 end string.replace(string[cursor..]) cursor end
Lazily initialize the parse result.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3269 def result @result ||= begin scopes = RUBY_VERSION >= "3.3.0" ? [] : [[]] Prism.parse(source, scopes: scopes) end end
Returns true if there is a comma between the two locations.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3282 def trailing_comma?(left, right) source.byteslice(left.end_offset...right.start_offset).include?(",") end
Visit one side of an alias global variable node.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 570 def visit_alias_global_variable_node_value(node) bounds(node.location) case node when BackReferenceReadNode on_backref(node.slice) when GlobalVariableReadNode on_gvar(node.name.to_s) else raise end end
Visit a list of elements, like the elements of an array or arguments.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 756 def visit_arguments(elements) bounds(elements.first.location) elements.inject(on_args_new) do |args, element| arg = visit(element) bounds(element.location) case element when BlockArgumentNode on_args_add_block(args, arg) when SplatNode on_args_add_star(args, arg) else on_args_add(args, arg) end end end
Visit the clauses of a begin node to form an on_bodystmt call.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 840 def visit_begin_node_clauses(location, node, allow_newline) statements = if node.statements.nil? on_stmts_add(on_stmts_new, on_void_stmt) else body = node.statements.body body.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(location, node.statements.body[0].location, allow_newline) bounds(node.statements.location) visit_statements_node_body(body) end rescue_clause = visit(node.rescue_clause) else_clause = unless (else_clause_node = node.else_clause).nil? else_statements = if else_clause_node.statements.nil? [nil] else body = else_clause_node.statements.body body.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(else_clause_node.else_keyword_loc, else_clause_node.statements.body[0].location, allow_newline) body end bounds(else_clause_node.location) visit_statements_node_body(else_statements) end ensure_clause = visit(node.ensure_clause) bounds(node.location) on_bodystmt(statements, rescue_clause, else_clause, ensure_clause) end
Visit the body of a structure that can have either a set of statements or statements wrapped in rescue/else/ensure.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 875 def visit_body_node(location, node, allow_newline = false) case node when nil bounds(location) on_bodystmt(visit_statements_node_body([nil]), nil, nil, nil) when StatementsNode body = [*node.body] body.unshift(nil) if void_stmt?(location, body[0].location, allow_newline) stmts = visit_statements_node_body(body) bounds(node.body.first.location) on_bodystmt(stmts, nil, nil, nil) when BeginNode visit_begin_node_clauses(location, node, allow_newline) else raise end end
Visit the arguments and block of a call node and return the arguments and block as they should be used.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1136 def visit_call_node_arguments(arguments_node, block_node, trailing_comma) arguments = arguments_node&.arguments || [] block = block_node if block.is_a?(BlockArgumentNode) arguments << block block = nil end [ if arguments.length == 1 && arguments.first.is_a?(ForwardingArgumentsNode) visit(arguments.first) elsif arguments.any? args = visit_arguments(arguments) if block_node.is_a?(BlockArgumentNode) || arguments.last.is_a?(ForwardingArgumentsNode) || command?(arguments.last) || trailing_comma args else bounds(arguments.first.location) on_args_add_block(args, false) end end, visit(block) ] end
Visit a constant path that is part of a write node.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 1489 def visit_constant_path_write_node_target(node) if node.parent.nil? bounds(node.name_loc) child = on_const(node.name.to_s) bounds(node.location) on_top_const_field(child) else parent = visit(node.parent) bounds(node.name_loc) child = on_const(node.name.to_s) bounds(node.location) on_const_path_field(parent, child) end end
Visit a destructured positional parameter node.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2607 def visit_destructured_parameter_node(node) bounds(node.location) targets = visit_multi_target_node_targets(node.lefts, node.rest, node.rights, false) bounds(node.lparen_loc) on_mlhs_paren(targets) end
Visit a string that is expressed using a <<~ heredoc.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2978 def visit_heredoc_node(parts, base) common_whitespace = visit_heredoc_node_whitespace(parts) if common_whitespace == 0 bounds(parts.first.location) string = [] result = base parts.each do |part| if part.is_a?(StringNode) if string.empty? string = [part] else string << part end else unless string.empty? bounds(string[0].location) result = yield result, on_tstring_content(string.map(&:content).join) string = [] end result = yield result, visit(part) end end unless string.empty? bounds(string[0].location) result = yield result, on_tstring_content(string.map(&:content).join) end result else bounds(parts.first.location) result = parts.inject(base) do |string_content, part| yield string_content, visit_string_content(part) end bounds(parts.first.location) on_heredoc_dedent(result, common_whitespace) end end
Ripper
gives back the escaped string content but strips out the common leading whitespace. Prism
gives back the unescaped string content and a location for the escaped string content. Unfortunately these don’t work well together, so here we need to re-derive the common leading whitespace.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2953 def visit_heredoc_node_whitespace(parts) common_whitespace = nil dedent_next = true parts.each do |part| if part.is_a?(StringNode) if dedent_next && !(content = part.content).chomp.empty? common_whitespace = [ common_whitespace || Float::INFINITY, content[/\A\s*/].each_char.inject(0) do |part_whitespace, char| char == "\t" ? ((part_whitespace / 8 + 1) * 8) : (part_whitespace + 1) end ].min end dedent_next = true else dedent_next = false end end common_whitespace || 0 end
Visit a heredoc node that is representing a string.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3024 def visit_heredoc_string_node(node) bounds(node.opening_loc) on_heredoc_beg(node.opening) bounds(node.location) result = visit_heredoc_node(node.parts, on_string_content) do |parts, part| on_string_add(parts, part) end bounds(node.closing_loc) on_heredoc_end(node.closing) result end
Visit a heredoc node that is representing an xstring.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3041 def visit_heredoc_x_string_node(node) bounds(node.opening_loc) on_heredoc_beg(node.opening) bounds(node.location) result = visit_heredoc_node(node.parts, on_xstring_new) do |parts, part| on_xstring_add(parts, part) end bounds(node.closing_loc) on_heredoc_end(node.closing) result end
Visit the targets of a multi-target node.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2460 def visit_multi_target_node_targets(lefts, rest, rights, skippable) if skippable && lefts.length == 1 && lefts.first.is_a?(MultiTargetNode) && rest.nil? && rights.empty? return visit(lefts.first) end mlhs = on_mlhs_new lefts.each do |left| bounds(left.location) mlhs = on_mlhs_add(mlhs, visit(left)) end case rest when nil # do nothing when ImplicitRestNode # these do not get put into the generated tree bounds(rest.location) on_excessed_comma else bounds(rest.location) mlhs = on_mlhs_add_star(mlhs, visit(rest)) end if rights.any? bounds(rights.first.location) post = on_mlhs_new rights.each do |right| bounds(right.location) post = on_mlhs_add(post, visit(right)) end mlhs = on_mlhs_add_post(mlhs, post) end mlhs end
Visit a node that represents a number. We need to explicitly handle the unary - operator.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3321 def visit_number_node(node) slice = node.slice location = node.location if slice[0] == "-" bounds(location.copy(start_offset: location.start_offset + 1)) value = yield slice[1..-1] bounds(node.location) on_unary(:-@, value) else bounds(location) yield slice end end
Visit a pattern within a pattern match. This is used to bypass the parenthesis node that can be used to wrap patterns.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 595 def visit_pattern_node(node) if node.is_a?(ParenthesesNode) visit(node.body) else visit(node) end end
Visit the list of statements of a statements node. We support nil statements in the list. This would normally not be allowed by the structure of the prism parse tree, but we manually add them here so that we can mirror Ripper’s void stmt.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2919 def visit_statements_node_body(body) body.inject(on_stmts_new) do |stmts, stmt| on_stmts_add(stmts, stmt.nil? ? on_void_stmt : visit(stmt)) end end
Visit an individual part of a string-like node.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 2211 def visit_string_content(part) if part.is_a?(StringNode) bounds(part.content_loc) on_tstring_content(part.content) else visit(part) end end
Visit the string content of a particular node. This method is used to split into the various token types.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3294 def visit_token(token, allow_keywords = true) case token when "." on_period(token) when "`" on_backtick(token) when *(allow_keywords ? KEYWORDS : []) on_kw(token) when /^_/ on_ident(token) when /^[[:upper:]]\w*$/ on_const(token) when /^@@/ on_cvar(token) when /^@/ on_ivar(token) when /^\$/ on_gvar(token) when /^[[:punct:]]/ on_op(token) else on_ident(token) end end
Dispatch a words_sep event that contains the space between the elements of list literals.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 745 def visit_words_sep(opening_loc, previous, current) end_offset = (previous.nil? ? opening_loc : previous.location).end_offset start_offset = current.location.start_offset if end_offset != start_offset bounds(current.location.copy(start_offset: end_offset)) on_words_sep(source.byteslice(end_offset...start_offset)) end end
Visit a node that represents a write value. This is used to handle the special case of an implicit array that is generated without brackets.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3339 def visit_write_value(node) if node.is_a?(ArrayNode) && node.opening_loc.nil? elements = node.elements length = elements.length bounds(elements.first.location) elements.each_with_index.inject((elements.first.is_a?(SplatNode) && length == 1) ? on_mrhs_new : on_args_new) do |args, (element, index)| arg = visit(element) bounds(element.location) if index == length - 1 if element.is_a?(SplatNode) mrhs = index == 0 ? args : on_mrhs_new_from_args(args) on_mrhs_add_star(mrhs, arg) else on_mrhs_add(on_mrhs_new_from_args(args), arg) end else case element when BlockArgumentNode on_args_add_block(args, arg) when SplatNode on_args_add_star(args, arg) else on_args_add(args, arg) end end end else visit(node) end end
Returns true if there is a semicolon between the two locations.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3287 def void_stmt?(left, right, allow_newline) pattern = allow_newline ? /[;\n]/ : /;/ source.byteslice(left.end_offset...right.start_offset).match?(pattern) end
This method is called when weak warning is produced by the parser. fmt
and args
is printf style.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3406 def warn(fmt, *args) end
This method is called when strong warning is produced by the parser. fmt
and args
is printf style.
# File prism/translation/ripper.rb, line 3411 def warning(fmt, *args) end